TABLE 1. Scale scores for 11 traits of 147 political parties in 53 countries, analyzed by regions Countries and parties: Restricting Competition Open Competition Institutionalization Diversity of support Liberalism Centralization of Power Marxism Degree of Oranization Involvement Coherence Governmental Status Western European Cultural Region

Austrian Peoples 0 4 1.12 1.38 -0.05 -0.41 -0.59 0.64 -0.43 -0.72 0.98 Austrian Socialist 0 4 0.98 1.48 0.42 0.07 0.63 0.59 -0.14 -0.39 0.89 Austrian VDU-FPO 0 3 0.47 1.11 -0.19 -0.30 -1.01 -1.18 0.34 -1.14 -0.87 French MRP 0 4 0.68 1.28 0.24 -0.42 -0.15 0.79 0.55 0.08 -0.16 French Radical Soc. 0 4 0.95 1.48 0.40 -0.70 -0.62 -0.45 -0.65 -0.72 -0.54 French SFIO 0 4 0.54 1.56 0.54 -0.14 0.59 0.15 0.38 -0.65 -0.59 French Gaullist 0 4 0.13 1.67 -0.43 0.22 0.08 -0.67 -0.36 -0.54 0.62 French Communist 0 3 0.34 1.08 0.97 0.34 1.34 0.97 0.95 0.74 -0.69 W.German CDU 0 4 0.03 1.63 0.39 0.07 -0.53 1.10 -0.02 0.22 0.95 W.German SPD 0 4 1.31 1.26 0.39 -0.27 -0.29 1.15 1.35 -0.29 -0.28 W.German FDP 0 4 0.61 0.85 0.41 -0.16 -0.98 0.56 0.55 0.11 -0.56 Greek Liberal 0 4 0.16 1.42 0.15 0.20 -0.24 -2.70 -1.08 -1.81 -0.66 Greek EPEK 0 4 -0.24 1.02 0.48 -0.18 -0.30 -2.27 -1.08 0.41 -0.76 Greek Rally-ERE 1 3 0.43 1.73 -0.30 0.52 -0.42 -1.53 -0.67 0.45 0.99 Greek EDA 0 3 -0.66 1.28 0.66 0.63 0.36 0.52 0.83 0.61 -0.71 Port. National Union 4 0 -0.03 0.58 -1.17 0.85 -1.14 -0.10 -0.76 -0.15 1.89

Mean 0.3 3.5 0.43 1.3 0.18 0.02 -0.20 -0.15 -0.01 -0.24 0.03 SD 1.00 1.00 0.52 0.31 0.51 0.42 0.67 1.21 0.75 0.69 0.87 No.of parties 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16