TABLE 1. Scale scores for 11 traits of 147 political parties in 53 countries, analyzed by regions Countries and parties: Restr. Compe tition Open Compe tition Institu tion alization Diversity of support Liberalism Centrali zation of Power Marxism Degree of Organi zation Involve ment Coherence Govern mental Status Anglo-American Cultural Region

US Democratic 0 4 1.52 1.56 -0.02 -1.37 -0.22 0.14 -0.77 -0.80 0.62 US Republican 0 4 1.38 1.27 -0.04 -1.41 -1.04 0.01 -0.77 -0.73 0.70 British Labour 0 4 0.95 1.22 0.32 0.21 0.36 0.32 0.20 -0.77 -0.12 British Conservative 0 4 1.37 1.47 0.23 0.41 -0.21 0.51 -0.20 0.62 1.00 Australian Labor 0 4 1.13 1.53 -0.16 -0.71 0.33 0.03 0.14 -0.21 -0.12 Australian Liberal 0 4 0.67 1.64 -0.60 -0.55 -0.22 -0.19 -0.59 0.63 0.75 Australian Country 0 4 0.74 0.80 -0.60 -0.72 -0.35 -0.57 -0.59 0.74 -0.22 NewZealand National 0 4 0.60 1.45 0.32 -0.23 -0.83 0.03 -0.20 0.38 0.53 New Zealand Labor 0 4 0.77 1.46 0.43 -0.30 -0.06 0.50 0.00 0.38 0.42 Canadian Prog. Cons. 0 4 0.83 1.59 0.31 -0.15 0.05 -0.09 -0.56 -0.38 1.01 Canadian Liberal 0 4 0.90 1.73 0.23 -0.57 -0.34 0.04 -0.56 0.32 -0.32 Canadian CCF-NDP 0 4 0.69 1.43 0.55 -0.59 0.36 0.65 0.69 0.06 -0.74 Canadian Social Cred. 0 4 0.21 1.35 0.33 -0.96 -0.51 -1.00 0.14 -1.79 -0.80 Irish Fianna Fail 0 4 0.70 1.83 0.55 0.52 0.25 -0.47 -0.69 0.88 0.96 Irish Fine Gael 0 4 0.67 1.65 0.64 -0.05 0.02 -0.38 -0.49 0.88 -0.23 Irish Labour 0 4 0.75 1.30 0.75 0.23 0.34 -0.45 -0.10 0.88 -0.67

Means of scores 0 4 0.87 1.46 0.20 -0.39 -0.13 -0.06 -0.27 0.07 0.17 Standard deviations 0 0 0.34 0.24 0.40 0.58 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.78 0.64 No. of parties 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16