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The larger the proportion of the party's membership that participates in this choice, the more institutionalized the party. Operational Definition. A party is assigned a score on the "leadership structure" variable according to its scoring on the following scale, which incorporates the three criteria of leadership identification, change, and due process of change. 0 No
information. 1 National
leadership of the party cannot be attributed to any
person or series of persons; the leadership of the
party is in dispute. 2 The leader of
the party has not changed since the party's
inception. 3 The leadership
changed hands only once, before 1950, and the
change occurred through a covert process of inner
power struggles. 4 The leadership
changed hands once, before 1950, and the change
occurred through an overt process involving less
than 100 party members. 5 The leadership
changed hands once, before 1950, and the change
occurred through an overt process involving 100
members or more. 6 The leadership
changed two or more times, before 1950, and most of
the changes occurred through a covert process of
inner power struggles. 7 The leadership
changed two or more times, before 1950, and most of
the changes occurred about equally through covert
and overt processes. 8 The leadership
changed two or more times, before 1950, and most of
the changes occurred through an overt process
involving less than 100 party members. 9 The leadership
changed two or more times before 1950, and most of
the changes occurred through an overt process
involving 100 members or more. 10 The leadership
changed hands only once since 1950, and the change
occurred through a covert process of inner power
struggles. 11 The leadership
changed hands only once since 1950, and the change
occurred through an overt process involving less
than 100 party members. 12 The leadership
changed hands only once since 1950, and the change
occurred through an overt process involving 100
members or more. 13 The leadership
changed two or more times since 1950, and most of
the changes occurred through a covert process of
inner power struggles. 14 The leadership
changed two or more times since 1950, and the
changes occurred about equally through covert and
overt processes. 15 The leadership
changed two or more times since 1950, and most of
the changes occurred through an overt process
involving less than 100 members. 16 The leadership
changed two or more times since 1950, and most of
the changes occurred through an overt process
involving 100 members or more. Coding Results. Almost all the parties were able to be coded on this variable, and the coding was done with a relatively high level of confidence. The pertinent statistics are in Table 3.6, which indicates that more than one quarter of the parties in our study had not had a change in leadership since their inception. About oneeighth of the parties stood at the extreme on the other side of the distribution, showing frequent turnover through overt processes involving many party members. There was no systematic relationship between the way the variable was scored and the confidence with which it was scored, with the correlation between BV104 and AC104 being virtually zero. Because the correlation is not significant at the .05 level, its value is not reported according to the practice adopted for this volume.
The term "institutionalization" has a connotation of "size" or "strength" in addition to our stipulated denotation of "stable, valued, and recurring patterns of behavior." And, in general conversation, the notion of size or strength is often included when speaking of a highly "institutionalized" party. However there seems to be no conceptual reason as to why a small party can |
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